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CONTAMINANT

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)

FOUND

Exceeding guidelines

STATES DETECTED

28

serves

26 million

utilities detected

894

states detected

28

serves

25 million

utilities detected

883

Overview

Perfluorononanoic acid, otherwise known as PFNA or C9, is a PFC similar in function and use to PFOA. These chemicals were used in the production of non-stick, stain repellent and chemically inert coatings. Click here to read more about perfluorinated chemicals.

State, National, and Health Guidelines for Drinking Water

EWG Health Guideline: 0.006 ppt

The EWG Health Guideline of 6 ppt for perfluorononanoic acid was defined by EPA recommended application of the toxicity value for PFDA published in the Integrated Risk Information System’s toxicological review . This health guideline harm to the immune system and harm to fetal growth and child development.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL): 10 ppt

ppt = parts per trillion

National Standard Exists

Health Concerns:

  • Cancer

  • Harm to the immune system

  • Hormone disruption

  • Harm to fetal growth and child development

  • Harm to the liver

Want to remove
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) from your water?

Try these filter technologies:

Activated Carbon, 

Reverse Osmosis, 

understand filter technology

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) around the Country

UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State Utilities People Served Utilities People Served
California724,880,471755,189,120
New Jersey1414,241,9731414,241,973
Massachusetts1803,096,0251843,156,736
New York1932,875,2111952,971,327
Florida152,730,762152,730,762
Pennsylvania282,704,491282,704,491
North Carolina561,701,871561,701,871
Alabama26673,87827683,619
Minnesota24600,70824600,708
Wisconsin27424,10527424,105
Colorado29378,01629378,016
Rhode Island12252,17912252,179
Washington9242,1299242,129
Kentucky4110,5444110,544
Delaware1100,4951100,495
Illinois1080,1381080,138
Texas1164,6501164,650
Michigan964,563964,563
Ohio550,459550,459
Arizona150,001150,001
Alaska245,324245,324
New Hampshire529,384529,384
Maine828,053828,053
Utah723,254827,360
Idaho221,500221,500
South Carolina19,07019,070
Louisiana48,79348,793
Kansas16,57316,573

Utilities with the highest amounts of perfluorononanoic acid, 2013-2024

ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
Utility Location Tests Average level People served
Goldens Bridge Community AssociationGolden's Bridge, NY9 of 1459.8 ppt250
Sunny Gables- Glenburn HousingGlenburn, ME6 of 855.1 ppt60
Fountainhead Trailer ParkJackson, NY8 of 1047.0 ppt60
Lca Emmaus Consecutive DivAllentown, PA14 of 2132.3 ppt1,046
Emmaus Borough Public Water*Emmaus, PA14 of 2132.3 ppt14,000
National Park Water DepartmentNational Park, NJ16 of 2015.3 ppt3,144
Mayville VillageMayville, NY1 of 914.4 ppt2,000
East Greenwich Township Water DepartmentMickleton, NJ6 of 2413.6 ppt9,900
City of Stuart - Water PlantStuart, FL1 of 213.5 ppt16,841
Brooklawn Water DepartmeBrooklawn, NJ20 of 2012.5 ppt2,300
Westville Water DepartmentWestville, NJ23 of 2312.1 ppt6,000
Gloucester City W DepartmentGloucester, NJ9 of 1811.3 ppt12,460
Torne Brook FarmHillburn, NY8 of 159.20 ppt50
Pa Am Water Co-frackville DistrictMilton, PA3 of 38.87 ppt5,583
Blue Heron VillageHamburg, PA4 of 48.32 ppt80
Veolia Delaware Operations*Wilmington, DE8 of 88.20 ppt100,495
Capitol Water CorporationBoise, ID4 of 117.86 ppt9,000
University of Rhode IslandKingston, RI13 of 147.75 ppt19,354
Snell ComplexPotsdam, NY3 of 36.83 ppt25
Salem Water DepartmentSalem, NJ20 of 296.69 ppt6,199
St James WDKings Park, NY1 of 16.60 ppt10,587
Williamsport Mun Water AuthorityWilliamsport, PA3 of 46.60 ppt51,000
Lantana Water Treatment PlantLantana, FL2 of 26.50 ppt11,558
Mount FujiHillburn, NY3 of 36.38 ppt282
Roy City OfRoy, WA4 of 56.30 ppt1,214
Suffern VillageSuffern, NY41 of 476.20 ppt12,000
Metz Community & Rv LlcPort Orchard, WA1 of 15.92 ppt245
Endicott Municipal Water WorksEndicott, NY9 of 105.51 ppt45,000
Morrill Village Water DistrictMorrill, ME2 of 25.30 ppt145
Florence Township Water DepartmentFlorence, NJ17 of 185.24 ppt11,214
Bridgeport Public Water SystemBridgeport, OH18 of 645.23 ppt2,830
Ho Ho Kus Water DepartmentHohokus Boro, NJ76 of 845.18 ppt4,060
Richland Township Water Authority*Quakertown, PA1 of 15.00 ppt6,800
Bellmawr Water DepartmentBellmawr, NJ11 of 404.98 ppt9,522
Issaquah Water SystemIssaquah, WA2 of 114.96 ppt39,578
Thorp WaterworksThorp, WI2 of 44.90 ppt1,636
Saraland Water Service*Saraland, AL9 of 294.85 ppt13,827
Yanceyville, Town ofYanceyville, NC1 of 14.70 ppt1,937
Garden CityGarden City, NY110 of 2514.70 ppt46,000
Piedmont Triad Regional*Randleman, NC1 of 14.60 ppt367,681
City of Archdale*Archdale, NC1 of 14.60 ppt12,700
Quakertown BoroQuakertown, PA3 of 204.26 ppt12,800
Mount Ivy EnterprisesCrofton, NY2 of 244.21 ppt170
Empire/ripley Hill Mobile Home ParkCortland, NY3 of 64.01 ppt64
Doylestown Borough Water Department*Doylestown, PA1 of 14.00 ppt8,700
West Deptford Twp Water DepartmentWest Deptford, NJ31 of 1123.95 ppt22,000
United Water CamdenCamden, NJ60 of 1113.87 ppt46,585
Maine Water Company Union DivisionPoland, ME2 of 33.86 ppt238
Albertson WDRoslyn Heights, NY46 of 593.82 ppt13,500
Parker Ridge Retirement CommunityBlue Hill, ME6 of 83.81 ppt155

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

UtilityLocationTestsAverage levelPeople served
Emmaus Borough Public Water*Emmaus, PA14 of 2132.3 ppt14,000
City of Stuart - Water PlantStuart, FL1 of 213.5 ppt16,841
Gloucester City W DepartmentGloucester, NJ9 of 1811.3 ppt12,460
Veolia Delaware Operations*Wilmington, DE8 of 88.20 ppt100,495
University of Rhode IslandKingston, RI13 of 147.75 ppt19,354
St James WDKings Park, NY1 of 16.60 ppt10,587
Williamsport Mun Water AuthorityWilliamsport, PA3 of 46.60 ppt51,000
Lantana Water Treatment PlantLantana, FL2 of 26.50 ppt11,558
Suffern VillageSuffern, NY41 of 476.20 ppt12,000
Endicott Municipal Water WorksEndicott, NY9 of 105.51 ppt45,000
Florence Township Water DepartmentFlorence, NJ17 of 185.24 ppt11,214
Issaquah Water SystemIssaquah, WA2 of 114.96 ppt39,578
Saraland Water Service*Saraland, AL9 of 294.85 ppt13,827
Garden CityGarden City, NY110 of 2514.70 ppt46,000
City of Archdale*Archdale, NC1 of 14.60 ppt12,700
Piedmont Triad Regional*Randleman, NC1 of 14.60 ppt367,681
Quakertown BoroQuakertown, PA3 of 204.26 ppt12,800
West Deptford Twp Water DepartmentWest Deptford, NJ31 of 1123.95 ppt22,000
United Water CamdenCamden, NJ60 of 1113.87 ppt46,585
Albertson WDRoslyn Heights, NY46 of 593.82 ppt13,500
Port Washington WDPort Washington, NY139 of 4423.78 ppt34,000
Westford Water DepartmentWestford, MA66 of 923.49 ppt18,000
Highline Water District*Kent, WA2 of 83.13 ppt115,057
Orchard Dale Water DistrictWhittier, CA57 of 602.56 ppt25,000
Montebello Land & Water CompanyMontebello, CA102 of 1362.51 ppt26,554
Athol DPW Water Division*Athol, MA8 of 142.23 ppt10,172
Waldwick Water DepartmentWaldwick, NJ63 of 1062.17 ppt10,208
Park Water Company - Bell GardensDowney, CA13 of 182.09 ppt11,292
Downey Water DepartmentDowney, CA132 of 1732.07 ppt109,946
Manville WSC*Coupland, TX3 of 202.06 ppt39,648
Pico Rivera Water DepartmentPico Rivera, CA107 of 1571.89 ppt40,600
Williston Park*Williston Park, NY6 of 261.62 ppt10,072
Pico WDPico Rivera, CA45 of 661.56 ppt22,051
Monroe Twp MUAWilliamstown, NJ17 of 741.45 ppt26,179
Liberty Utilities - Bellflower - NorwalkDowney, CA42 of 711.43 ppt72,964
Ambler Boro Water DeptAmbler, PA1 of 221.32 ppt20,000
Gadsden Water Works and Sewer Board*Gadsden, AL11 of 411.30 ppt44,637
South Montebello Irrigation DistrictMontebello, CA30 of 541.29 ppt15,021
Ashland Water and Sewer Department*Ashland, MA12 of 141.28 ppt16,593
Muhlenberg Twp Municipal AuthorityReading, PA4 of 121.26 ppt21,000
Town of Tarboro*Tarboro, NC1 of 21.25 ppt10,844
San Juan Basin Authority*Las Flores, CA15 of 471.18 ppt38,958
Atascadero Mutual Water CompanyAtascadero, CA93 of 3551.18 ppt30,457
Security Waster District*Colorado Springs, CO2 of 51.16 ppt19,000
Nyack Village Water SupplyNyack, NY13 of 171.08 ppt14,700
Billerica Water WorksBillerica, MA29 of 361.06 ppt40,243
Whitman Water SystemWhitman, MA17 of 281.04 ppt14,574
Brockton Water Commission*Brockton, MA17 of 281.04 ppt93,810
Garden City Water and Sewer SystemGarden City, ID1 of 81.03 ppt12,500
Woburn Water Department (MWRA)Woburn, MA52 of 790.966 ppt38,120

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

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