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CONTAMINANT

Dichloroacetic acid

FOUND

Exceeding guidelines

STATES DETECTED

44

serves

228 million

utilities detected

20,472

states detected

44

serves

219 million

utilities detected

19,320

Overview

Dichloroacetic acid, one of the group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards, is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Haloacetic acids and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.

State, National, and Health Guidelines for Drinking Water

EWG Health Guideline: 0.2 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.2 ppb for dichloroacetic acid was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment's public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer and harm to reproduction and child development.

ppb = parts per billion

National Standard Exists

Health Concerns:

  • Cancer

  • Harm to reproduction and child development

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Dichloroacetic acid from your water?

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Dichloroacetic acid around the Country

UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State Utilities People Served Utilities People Served
California98730,669,2981,09333,555,836
Texas2,25926,514,2172,43527,571,770
New York1,07517,149,2071,12917,345,762
Illinois1,47611,677,4661,52511,962,230
Pennsylvania95210,782,6621,00310,885,067
Ohio88510,106,98393210,262,602
Georgia5039,005,8685279,246,635
North Carolina1,1188,872,0141,1448,935,929
New Jersey3818,233,5534338,690,068
Virginia5647,037,1125797,140,173
Washington5176,591,4925386,871,205
Florida2226,388,9852246,417,960
Massachusetts2775,960,5062906,175,080
Colorado5576,125,9255726,159,169
Louisiana7824,847,4098995,127,367
Tennessee2874,135,3442934,812,006
Missouri5334,381,9825394,464,583
Minnesota5423,948,0945634,151,708
Wisconsin4433,537,8005193,780,327
South Carolina3123,715,5893233,776,275
Oklahoma5493,299,1315663,338,629
Nevada372,840,022442,865,386
Utah1462,621,7691592,701,624
Iowa6842,500,3187222,673,174
Arkansas5082,617,0125322,665,351
Connecticut1662,363,1281792,376,010
Kansas6661,614,0077061,736,419
New Mexico1701,487,0762161,683,671
West Virginia3631,498,9653791,534,369
Indiana1671,421,0921691,454,461
Nebraska801,227,794911,245,673
Rhode Island37971,80838972,008
Hawaii15193,76719846,067
Delaware98797,727104842,267
North Dakota257653,483264679,105
District Of Columbia4667,3254667,325
Montana197476,140201482,112
Alaska146454,749151458,667
Wyoming128423,098136432,108
Idaho22276,41124429,031
Vermont117351,113117351,113
Maine50264,72350264,723
Mississippi40156,69240156,692
Maryland16251625

Utilities with the highest amounts of dichloroacetic acid, 2021-2023

ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
Utility Location Tests Average level People served
Newtok Water SystemNewtok, AK1 of 1240.0 ppb430
Lowndes County-alapaha Plantation S/dValdosta, GA24 of 2469.8 ppb296
Bellwood Water SystemProvencal, LA24 of 2461.9 ppb1,032
Cleveland PWSCleveland, MO5 of 561.2 ppb690
Fairview Union Water System*Coushatta, LA24 of 2459.4 ppb2,346
City of HuxleyShelbyville, TX24 of 2458.3 ppb1,930
Village of Sikes Water SystemSikes, LA24 of 2457.1 ppb639
Osage County Rural Water District # 20 (hulah)Bartlesville, OK12 of 1257.0 ppb350
Vixen Water SystemChatham, LA24 of 2456.9 ppb774
Echols County Water AuthorityStatenville, GA4 of 456.8 ppb972
Vallenar View Mobile Home ParkSacramento, AK11 of 1155.8 ppb225
Brookside Village Mobile Home Park Public Water SystemCorona Del Mar, OH1 of 353.9 ppb475
Shawnee County Rural Water District 3c*Topeka, KS2 of 253.0 ppb2,675
Lakewood Water SystemHuntington, TX12 of 1250.0 ppb42
Fcsa #30/el PorvenirFresno, CA11 of 1149.9 ppb241
Meadows Mennonite HomeChenoa, IL1 of 248.9 ppb140
El Camino Bay Water SystemHemphill, TX11 of 1148.6 ppb280
City of NomeNome, TX24 of 2448.2 ppb837
Mono Vista Ranch Mobile Home ParkRoseville, CA1 of 148.0 ppb105
Rye, Town ofRye, CO14 of 1447.8 ppb745
Tatitlek Water SystemTatitlek, AK6 of 646.8 ppb95
Indiana Municipal Services Authority-rossiterIndiana, PA13 of 1346.2 ppb500
Shawnee County Rural Water District 1cAuburn, KS10 of 1046.2 ppb4,160
Mount ErieMount Erie, IL2 of 245.9 ppb116
MaysvilleMaysville, OK22 of 2344.9 ppb1,212
Wanette Public Works AuthorityWanette, OK10 of 1244.2 ppb402
Avant Utilities AuthorityAvant, OK12 of 1242.9 ppb361
Madera Co. Md1-hidden Lake EstatesMadera, CA11 of 1142.6 ppb162
Lenora Water and Sewer DistrictUsk, WA1 of 141.7 ppb75
Wilson County Rural Water District 9*Yates Center, KS4 of 441.5 ppb447
Asher Utility Dev AuthorityAsher, OK12 of 1240.9 ppb375
Westhaven Community Services DistrictTrinidad, CA11 of 1140.3 ppb490
Colorado City MdColorado City, CO34 of 3439.6 ppb2,175
Crescent Bay Improvement CompanyRancho Cordova, CA11 of 1239.5 ppb30
River Bend Water ServicesMatagorda, TX12 of 1239.4 ppb100
Solano Irrigation District - Pleasant Hills RanchVacaville, CA14 of 1438.6 ppb89
Buena Vista Ws BurnetBurnet, TX12 of 1238.5 ppb375
Orient Water CompanyRepublic, WA9 of 938.4 ppb167
Meadowbrook Mh Community, LlcFarmington Hills, IL4 of 438.1 ppb228
Town of Tullos Water SystemTullos, LA24 of 2437.6 ppb792
Parker Area Water AuthorityParker, PA24 of 2437.4 ppb900
Nunapitchuk Water SystemNunapitchuk, AK4 of 437.1 ppb496
Forest Water Supply CorporationWells, TX24 of 2436.8 ppb561
Fcsa #32/cantua CreekFresno, CA12 of 1236.4 ppb462
Madera Co. Sa16 Sumner Hill-water SystemMadera, CA11 of 1236.3 ppb135
Boynton Public Works Authority*Boynton, OK10 of 1036.2 ppb450
Shawnee Correctional CenterDieterich, IL1 of 136.0 ppb1,617
Galena Wtp1 - CityGalena, AK10 of 1235.7 ppb470
Pleasant Hall ManorLandisburg, PA1 of 635.7 ppb50
Red Gate Mobile Home ParkShelton, WA12 of 1235.5 ppb25

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Dichloroacetic acid, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

UtilityLocationTestsAverage levelPeople served
Southern Pines*Pinebluff, NC52 of 5231.2 ppb25,382
City of Cocoa*Cocoa, FL2 of 230.5 ppb294,039
Amsterdam*Amsterdam, NY4 of 427.7 ppb22,132
Monroe Water System*Monroe, LA102 of 10227.2 ppb57,000
Orangeburg DPU*Orangeburg, SC45 of 4826.7 ppb41,440
Pvia*Wister, OK36 of 3626.6 ppb40,000
Hamlet Water System*Hamlet, NC48 of 4826.5 ppb10,289
Bolivar Peninsula SUDCrystal Beach, TX52 of 5226.0 ppb19,476
Woodlawn Utility DistrictWoodlawn, TN4 of 425.7 ppb12,069
City of Ottawa*Ottawa, KS47 of 4825.4 ppb12,604
Baldwin County*Milledgeville, GA46 of 4725.4 ppb23,067
Fort Wayne - 3 Rivers Filtration Plant*Fort Wayne, IN36 of 3624.8 ppb266,000
Okmulgee*Okmulgee, OK48 of 4824.8 ppb13,495
City of Bloomington Utilities*Bloomington, IN24 of 2424.8 ppb83,000
Harris County MUD 165Houston, TX6 of 624.8 ppb30,483
Haralson County Water Auth.*Buchanan, GA30 of 3024.7 ppb12,220
City of Miami BeachMiami Beach, FL53 of 5324.6 ppb100,000
City of Asheboro*Asheboro, NC48 of 4824.4 ppb27,191
New Bedford Department of Public Infrastructure*New Bedford, MA81 of 8124.3 ppb95,072
Northampton Boro Municipal Authority*Northampton, PA57 of 5724.1 ppb40,000
City of MarshallMarshall, TX48 of 4823.4 ppb23,091
City of Opa LockaOpa Locka, FL68 of 6823.1 ppb16,479
Stanford UniversityStanford, CA126 of 12623.0 ppb32,235
East Cedar Creek FWSD BrookshireMabank, TX48 of 4823.0 ppb13,701
Kirksville*Kirksville, MO48 of 4823.0 ppb17,304
Auburn*Auburn, GA24 of 2422.9 ppb10,060
Claremore*Claremore, OK64 of 6422.7 ppb15,873
Rogers County Rural Water District # 3 Lake PlantClaremore, OK24 of 2422.6 ppb10,470
Bangor Water District*Bangor, ME36 of 3622.6 ppb26,868
City of GrovesGroves, TX48 of 4822.4 ppb16,452
City of Winchester*Winchester, VA48 of 4822.2 ppb28,248
Springfield Water and Sewer Commission*Springfield, MA189 of 18922.1 ppb230,331
West Springfield Dpw Water DivisionWest Springfield, MA189 of 18922.1 ppb28,391
Town of Tarboro*Tarboro, NC48 of 4822.1 ppb10,844
Ellettsville Water WorksEllettsville, IN12 of 1222.1 ppb13,910
Pa-american Water Co-connellsvUniontown, PA60 of 6022.0 ppb11,425
Dayton Water DepartmentDayton, TN54 of 5421.9 ppb23,660
Lafourche Water District 1Lockport, LA96 of 9621.9 ppb81,609
Alliance City PWSAlliance, OH48 of 4821.9 ppb22,232
St John Water District 1*Laplace, LA52 of 5221.8 ppb10,484
Akron City Public Water System*Kent, OH144 of 14421.8 ppb280,000
Toccoa*Toccoa, GA42 of 4421.8 ppb24,960
Tahlequah PWA*Tahlequah, OK52 of 5221.7 ppb14,458
City of East Palo AltoEast Palo Alto, CA52 of 5221.7 ppb29,519
Belle Chasse Water DistrictBelle Chasse, LA48 of 4821.6 ppb19,644
City of San Jose - NSJ/AlvisoSan Jose, CA52 of 5221.5 ppb37,991
Oakmont Water AuthorityOakmont, PA48 of 4821.2 ppb39,901
City of LathropLathrop, CA47 of 4821.1 ppb35,080
Warren City PWS*Warren, OH48 of 4821.1 ppb49,130
Rock IslandRock Island, IL48 of 4821.0 ppb39,018

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Dichloroacetic acid, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

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