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CONTAMINANT

Haloacetic acids (HAA9)

FOUND

Exceeding guidelines

STATES DETECTED

50

serves

266 million

utilities detected

7,959

states detected

51

serves

265 million

utilities detected

7,920

Overview

Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of nine haloacetic acids includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid, which are regulated as a group by the federal government (HAA5); and bromochloroacetic acid, bromodichloroacetic acid, chlorodibromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid. learn more about this contaminant

Haloacetic acids are harmful during pregnancy and may increase the risk of cancer. Haloacetic acids are genotoxic, which means that they induce mutations and DNA damage. Multiple studies by the National Toxicology Program have demonstrated the cancer-causing properties of individual haloacetic acids in laboratory animals. The Department of Health and Human Services is currently considering listing di- or tri-haloacetic acids for possible inclusion in its comprehensive Report on Carcinogens

State, National, and Health Guidelines for Drinking Water

EWG Health Guideline: 0.06 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.06 ppb for the group of nine haloacetic acids, or HAA9, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level as . This health guideline protects against cancer.

ppb = parts per billion

National Standard Exists

Health Concerns:

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Haloacetic acids (HAA9) around the Country

UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State Utilities People Served Utilities People Served
California50636,298,14451036,456,033
Texas79123,906,11179823,971,536
Florida33919,886,47033919,886,470
New York30018,780,12030418,949,552
Illinois5059,971,9335079,990,018
Pennsylvania2659,647,8812659,647,881
Ohio3229,286,4813229,286,481
Georgia1748,920,0901748,920,090
New Jersey2098,239,4582108,259,458
North Carolina3958,058,3033978,059,768
Washington1847,410,6071867,449,994
Tennessee1956,668,4481956,668,448
Virginia1466,487,1651466,487,165
Arizona916,068,053926,085,192
Michigan2045,952,1912045,952,191
Massachusetts1815,807,3541815,807,354
Colorado2085,637,2752085,637,275
Maryland595,069,602595,069,602
Alabama2014,834,0582024,838,003
Missouri1654,109,0421684,144,120
Indiana1714,084,2601714,084,260
Kentucky1673,682,0471673,682,047
Minnesota1423,521,1321433,547,562
Louisiana1403,528,9401403,528,940
South Carolina1843,496,1351843,496,135
Wisconsin1082,977,5441103,001,022
Oregon922,914,758942,961,133
Nevada182,891,891182,891,891
Utah762,831,156762,831,156
Oklahoma1692,666,5071692,666,507
Connecticut702,514,144702,514,144
Kansas1102,186,3541102,186,354
Arkansas1592,002,0681592,002,068
Iowa1941,945,4331951,965,924
New Mexico401,510,837411,527,073
Mississippi871,409,873881,422,608
Hawaii191,221,550211,282,119
Nebraska281,153,456291,162,117
West Virginia1041,034,7631041,034,763
Rhode Island28980,09028980,090
Idaho21881,64122907,641
Delaware16680,73216680,732
District Of Columbia3667,3253667,325
South Dakota113637,547113637,547
New Hampshire42596,54242596,542
North Dakota20439,75920439,759
Maine20424,49420424,494
Montana42403,63042403,630
Alaska19359,55419359,554
Wyoming49302,84249302,842
Vermont29148,30729148,307

Utilities with the highest amounts of haloacetic acids (HAA9), 2018-2021

ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
Utility Location Tests Average level People served
Durant*Durant, OK16 of 16182.7 ppb15,545
Bryan County Rw&sd #5Durant, OK16 of 16182.7 ppb8,325
West Wise Special Utility DistrictBridgeport, TX20 of 20181.5 ppb3,909
Concho Rural Water Pecan CreekSan Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb1,275
Red Creek Municipal Utility DistrictSan Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb897
Concho Rural Water Grape CreekSan Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb5,049
City of MilesMiles, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb920
City of San Angelo*San Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb101,004
Goodfellow Air Force BaseGoodfellow Afb, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb5,241
Twin Buttes Water SystemSan Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb25
City of Holly HillHolly Hill, FL8 of 8169.1 ppb12,417
City of AliceAlice, TX15 of 16137.3 ppb17,891
Military Highway WSC - Las Rusias WTPProgreso, TX16 of 16111.8 ppb14,292
City of Joaquin*Joaquin, TX8 of 8110.1 ppb1,869
Logansport Water System*Logansport, LA8 of 8110.1 ppb2,550
Riviera Beach Utility District*Riviera Beach, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb31,500
Palm Lake Estates SouthRiviera Bch, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb890
Palm Lake Estates NorthRiviera Beach, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb480
Fern Crest Utilities, Inc.Ft Lauderdale, FL4 of 4103.0 ppb3,750
Muskogee County Rural Water District #3Council Hill, OK8 of 898.6 ppb1,300
CaseyvilleCaseyville, IL16 of 1694.9 ppb17,000
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #20Morris, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb2,377
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #1Schulter, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb1,890
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #4Morris, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb1,913
Okmulgee County Rural Water District #7 (nuyaka)Okmulgee, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb2,357
Okmulgee*Okmulgee, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb13,495
MorrisMorris, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb1,460
Marshall County Water Corp*Madill, OK16 of 1687.5 ppb17,587
Texoma HillsMadill, OK16 of 1687.5 ppb212
Cynthiana Water WorksCynthiana, IN16 of 1685.7 ppb699
German Township Water District Inc.*Evansville, IN16 of 1685.7 ppb12,505
Nueces County WCID 3*Robstown, TX16 of 1685.5 ppb13,200
River Acres Water Supply CorporationRobstown, TX16 of 1685.5 ppb2,700
City of Mount VernonMount Vernon, TX8 of 884.6 ppb2,662
Rogers County Rural Water District # 2Claremore, OK16 of 1679.3 ppb2,750
Claremore*Claremore, OK16 of 1679.3 ppb15,873
City of LemooreLemoore, CA4 of 479.2 ppb27,038
Dekalb-Jackson Water Supply DistrictIder, AL12 of 1278.3 ppb15,531
Goodland Water CompanyMarco Island, FL12 of 1278.0 ppb805
Marco Island Utilities*Marco Island, FL12 of 1278.0 ppb31,830
Belleville Water DepartmentBelleville, NJ16 of 1678.0 ppb35,129
South Central Water AssnRaymond, MS6 of 677.2 ppb12,218
OSU Water PlantStillwater, OK12 of 1273.8 ppb13,000
Richmond County Water System*Rockingham, NC16 of 1673.8 ppb22,021
Ellerbe, Town ofEllerbe, NC16 of 1673.8 ppb1,640
Indian Village Water SystemCalhoun, LA4 of 473.7 ppb2,082
Bolivar Peninsula SUDCrystal Beach, TX16 of 1673.4 ppb19,476
Hypoluxo VillageLake Clarke Shores, FL4 of 471.8 ppb1,645
Wallkill Consolidated WDMiddletown, NY12 of 1271.7 ppb18,175
Dekalb Utility District #1*Smithville, TN12 of 1271.4 ppb17,511

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Haloacetic acids (HAA9), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

UtilityLocationTestsAverage levelPeople served
Durant*Durant, OK16 of 16182.7 ppb15,545
City of San Angelo*San Angelo, TX32 of 32181.0 ppb101,004
City of Holly HillHolly Hill, FL8 of 8169.1 ppb12,417
City of AliceAlice, TX15 of 16137.3 ppb17,891
Military Highway WSC - Las Rusias WTPProgreso, TX16 of 16111.8 ppb14,292
Riviera Beach Utility District*Riviera Beach, FL8 of 8107.9 ppb31,500
CaseyvilleCaseyville, IL16 of 1694.9 ppb17,000
Okmulgee*Okmulgee, OK16 of 1694.4 ppb13,495
Marshall County Water Corp*Madill, OK16 of 1687.5 ppb17,587
German Township Water District Inc.*Evansville, IN16 of 1685.7 ppb12,505
Nueces County WCID 3*Robstown, TX16 of 1685.5 ppb13,200
Claremore*Claremore, OK16 of 1679.3 ppb15,873
City of LemooreLemoore, CA4 of 479.2 ppb27,038
Dekalb-Jackson Water Supply DistrictIder, AL12 of 1278.3 ppb15,531
Marco Island Utilities*Marco Island, FL12 of 1278.0 ppb31,830
Belleville Water DepartmentBelleville, NJ16 of 1678.0 ppb35,129
South Central Water AssnRaymond, MS6 of 677.2 ppb12,218
OSU Water PlantStillwater, OK12 of 1273.8 ppb13,000
Richmond County Water System*Rockingham, NC16 of 1673.8 ppb22,021
Bolivar Peninsula SUDCrystal Beach, TX16 of 1673.4 ppb19,476
Wallkill Consolidated WDMiddletown, NY12 of 1271.7 ppb18,175
Dekalb Utility District #1*Smithville, TN12 of 1271.4 ppb17,511
City of Waxahachie*Waxahachie, TX16 of 1668.0 ppb41,085
Muskogee*Muskogee, OK16 of 1667.7 ppb38,310
City of Kerrville*Kerrville, TX16 of 1667.7 ppb22,519
City of Mabank*Mabank, TX12 of 1267.6 ppb11,349
Ohio County Water District*Hartford, KY16 of 1667.4 ppb16,511
City of Topeka*Topeka, KS32 of 3267.4 ppb165,000
Southern Pines*Pinebluff, NC12 of 1267.2 ppb25,382
Quantico Marine Base-Mainside*Quantico, VA16 of 1666.8 ppb19,000
Newark Water Department*Newark, NJ48 of 4866.3 ppb294,274
McAlester PWA*Mcalester, OK16 of 1665.5 ppb18,206
Village of Palm Springs*Palm Springs, FL7 of 765.4 ppb32,467
Eubank Water System*Eubank, KY16 of 1665.2 ppb12,492
Rogers County RWD # 5*Claremore, OK16 of 1665.1 ppb11,782
City of GrovesGroves, TX16 of 1665.1 ppb16,452
Monroe Water System*Monroe, LA23 of 2364.9 ppb57,000
Anson County Water System*Wadesboro, NC16 of 1664.2 ppb13,880
Midwest CityMidwest City, OK32 of 3262.9 ppb55,935
Aqua Pa Roaring Creek DivisionShamokin, PA13 of 1362.8 ppb43,000
Boaz Water and Sewer Board*Boaz, AL16 of 1662.8 ppb14,661
Manatee County Utilities Department*Bradenton, FL36 of 3661.7 ppb347,800
Mt Werner WD*Steamboat Springs, CO8 of 861.5 ppb16,980
FairburnFairburn, GA8 of 861.1 ppb14,000
Marine Corps Air Station Cherry PointCherry Point, NC8 of 860.8 ppb17,144
Bowling Green Municipal Utilities*Bowling Green, KY32 of 3260.6 ppb53,601
Aqua Pa Shenango Valley WTP*Sharon, PA16 of 1660.3 ppb48,000
City of Port Lavaca*Port Lavaca, TX16 of 1660.3 ppb11,854
City of Greensboro*Greensboro, NC48 of 4860.3 ppb318,057
Paris Water Works*Paris, KY16 of 1660.2 ppb14,479

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Haloacetic acids (HAA9), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

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