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CONTAMINANT

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA)

FOUND

Exceeding guidelines

STATES DETECTED

16

serves

2.7 million

utilities detected

163

states detected

1

serves

14,025

utilities detected

2

Overview

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) is a member of a group of perfluorinated chemicals used in many consumer products. HFPO-DA and other perfluorinated chemicals can cause serious health effects, including cancer, endocrine disruption, accelerated puberty, liver and immune system damage, and thyroid changes. These chemicals are persistent in the environment and they accumulate in people. Click here to read more about perfluorinated chemicals.

State, National, and Health Guidelines for Drinking Water

EWG Health Guideline: 9 ppt

The EWG Health Guideline of 9 ppt for HFPO-DA was based on the EPA's Human Health toxicity value.This health guideline protects against harm to the liver.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL): 10 ppt

ppt = parts per trillion

National Standard Exists

Health Concerns:

  • Cancer

  • Harm to the immune system

  • Hormone disruption

  • Harm to fetal growth and child development

  • Harm to the liver

Want to remove
Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) from your water?

Try these filter technologies:

Activated Carbon, 

Reverse Osmosis, 

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Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) around the Country

UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State Utilities People Served Utilities People Served
Kentucky00161,197,697
South Carolina0038375,157
North Carolina0012270,093
New York0049213,836
Virginia005188,365
Alabama007138,180
Massachusetts0013130,820
Ohio214,0255105,003
New Jersey00259,328
Indiana00419,522
West Virginia00110,377
Louisiana0048,793
Michigan0035,085
Iowa0014,570
Colorado0011,505
California002525

Utilities with the highest amounts of HFPO-DA, 2019-2024

ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
Utility Location Tests Average level People served
South Point VillageSouth Point, OH5 of 1839.1 ppt4,133
Little Hocking Water/sewer AssociationLittle Hocking, OH2 of 626.3 ppt9,892
Donalds-due West WSA (sc0120001)Donalds, SC4 of 415.9 ppt5,200
Ware Shoals, Town ofWare Shoals, SC2 of 215.2 ppt2,363
Lincoln, City ofLincoln, AL1 of 1213.3 ppt10,218
Perth Amboy Water DepartmentPerth Amboy, NJ4 of 410.3 ppt52,328
Ashland Water Works*Ashland, KY1 of 29.15 ppt44,402
Saluda CPW*Saluda, SC5 of 58.24 ppt3,831
City of Newberry*Newberry, SC5 of 58.24 ppt9,528
Santee Cooper Reg Water*Moncks Corner, SC1 of 18.00 ppt25
Summerville*Summerville, SC1 of 18.00 ppt81,750
Bcwsa Lake Moultrie EstatesMoncks Corner, SC1 of 18.00 ppt156
Swansea, Town ofSwansea, SC3 of 37.73 ppt1,923
Bgwc The LandingsGreenville, SC3 of 37.73 ppt351
Bgwc HarborsideGreenville, SC3 of 37.73 ppt466
Lcjmwsc-pelion, Town ofLexington, SC3 of 37.73 ppt742
Joint Municipal WSC*Lexington, SC3 of 37.73 ppt34,317
Bgwc Lands End Condos (sc3270300)Greenville, SC3 of 37.73 ppt632
Bgwc Rollingwood (sc3250052)Greenville, SC3 of 37.73 ppt510
Prosperity, Town ofProsperity, SC3 of 37.70 ppt1,132
Newberry County Water & Sewer Authority*Newberry, SC3 of 37.70 ppt9,711
Maysville Utility Commission*Maysville, KY1 of 47.43 ppt11,263
Lexington*Lexington, SC4 of 47.15 ppt21,500
Bgwc Westside TerraceGreenville, SC4 of 47.15 ppt159
Lehigh Crossing ApartmentsBuffalo, NY1 of 27.10 ppt48
Milltown Water DepartmentMilltown, NJ1 of 26.45 ppt7,000
Stephenson's Lake (sc3250018)Prosperity, SC3 of 36.37 ppt55
Amicks Ferry Water System*Chapin, SC3 of 36.37 ppt3,655
Henderson Municipal Water & Sewer*Henderson, KY1 of 26.30 ppt31,705
Ninety Six CPW (sc2410002)Ninety Six, SC1 of 16.10 ppt2,880
Greenwood CPW*Greenwood, SC1 of 16.10 ppt47,947
Ironton PWS*Ironton, OH2 of 105.92 ppt11,129
Saluda County Water & Sewer Authority*Saluda, SC4 of 55.70 ppt3,558
Laurens County W&S Comm.*Laurens, SC5 of 105.64 ppt36,314
Gray Court, Town ofGray Court, SC5 of 105.64 ppt1,069
Moncks Corner, City ofMoncks Corner, SC2 of 34.63 ppt7,250
Sturgis Water WorksSturgis, KY1 of 14.50 ppt3,490
Lubeck PsdBellville, WV1 of 24.00 ppt10,377
Clinton, City ofClinton, SC2 of 53.88 ppt10,109
BCWSA East CooperMoncks Corner, SC2 of 43.60 ppt10,705
Dcwa Calomet ValleySummerville, SC2 of 43.10 ppt261
Town Of Pembroke - University CourtyardPembroke, NC2 of 242.79 ppt365
Robeson County Water System*Lumberton, NC2 of 242.79 ppt65,303
St. Pauls/robeson CountySt. Pauls, NC2 of 242.79 ppt254
Town Of Saint Pauls - Evans RdSt. Pauls, NC2 of 242.79 ppt170
Boardman, Town of*Evergreen, NC2 of 242.79 ppt165
Russell Water Company*Russell, KY1 of 52.70 ppt6,810
Raceland Water SystemRaceland, KY1 of 52.70 ppt3,201
Town of Oak IslandOak Island, NC1 of 22.60 ppt23,896
Vestal Consolidated WD #1Vestal, NY1 of 142.14 ppt20,950

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

UtilityLocationTestsAverage levelPeople served
Lincoln, City ofLincoln, AL1 of 1213.3 ppt10,218
Perth Amboy Water DepartmentPerth Amboy, NJ4 of 410.3 ppt52,328
Ashland Water Works*Ashland, KY1 of 29.15 ppt44,402
Summerville*Summerville, SC1 of 18.00 ppt81,750
Joint Municipal WSC*Lexington, SC3 of 37.73 ppt34,317
Maysville Utility Commission*Maysville, KY1 of 47.43 ppt11,263
Lexington*Lexington, SC4 of 47.15 ppt21,500
Henderson Municipal Water & Sewer*Henderson, KY1 of 26.30 ppt31,705
Greenwood CPW*Greenwood, SC1 of 16.10 ppt47,947
Ironton PWS*Ironton, OH2 of 105.92 ppt11,129
Laurens County W&S Comm.*Laurens, SC5 of 105.64 ppt36,314
Lubeck PsdBellville, WV1 of 24.00 ppt10,377
Clinton, City ofClinton, SC2 of 53.88 ppt10,109
BCWSA East CooperMoncks Corner, SC2 of 43.60 ppt10,705
Robeson County Water System*Lumberton, NC2 of 242.79 ppt65,303
Town of Oak IslandOak Island, NC1 of 22.60 ppt23,896
Vestal Consolidated WD #1Vestal, NY1 of 142.14 ppt20,950
Fort JacksonFort Jackson, SC1 of 42.03 ppt32,391
City of West Columbia*West Columbia, SC1 of 21.70 ppt29,294
Paducah Water WorksPaducah, KY1 of 31.63 ppt65,004
Northern Kentucky Water District*Ft Thomas, KY2 of 141.26 ppt199,460
Mt Washington Water CompanyMt Washington, KY2 of 81.22 ppt23,760
Louisville Water Company*Louisville, KY2 of 81.22 ppt764,769
Taylorsville Water WorksTaylorsville, KY2 of 81.22 ppt18,973
Woodbury Cons. WDCentral Valley, NY2 of 91.18 ppt10,741
Brunswick County Water System*Bolivia, NC1 of 51.16 ppt152,030
Fairfield City PWSFairfield, OH1 of 60.950 ppt44,907
Hecla Water Association-Plant PWS*Ironton, OH1 of 60.917 ppt34,942
Corning CityCorning, NY2 of 60.500 ppt10,332
Madison Water WorksMadison, AL1 of 130.262 ppt54,117
Bridgewater Water DepartmentBridgewater, MA24 of 1460.245 ppt26,563
Western Virginia Water Authority*Roanoke, VA1 of 380.158 ppt182,700
Middleborough Water Supply*Middleborough, MA6 of 810.121 ppt16,470
Nyack Village Water SupplyNyack, NY1 of 100.110 ppt14,700
Harvest-Monrovia Water System*Prospect, AL1 of 200.0950 ppt51,912
Hudson Water SupplyHudson, MA3 of 3890.0430 ppt18,406
Hicksville WDHicksville, NY2 of 1260.0400 ppt48,000
Bethlehem Water District No. 1*Delmar, NY2 of 280.0360 ppt62,062
East Bridgewater Water DepartmentEast Bridgewater, MA1 of 200.0290 ppt13,794
Bellingham Dpw Water Sewer Div.Bellingham, MA2 of 740.0260 ppt15,390
Sudbury Water DistrictSudbury, MA1 of 1320.0150 ppt18,410

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

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